Some Aspects of Positivism in Middlemarch - Literature Essay Samples

George Eliots unwillingness to write a Positivist novel has been clearly documented in her letters. Her responses to Frederic Harrisons suggestion that the grand features of Comtes world might be sketched in fiction in their normal relationsunder the forms of our familiar life (Letters, IV, 287), are particularly unambiguous: [if fiction] lapses anywhere from the picture to the diagramit becomes the most offensive of all teaching. (Letters, IV, 300-301). Art, for Eliot, must labor to get breathing, individual forms, and group them in the needful relations, so that the presentation will lay hold on the emotions as human experience. (Letters, IV, 300-301). A Positivist novel such as that advocated by Harrison would have condemned Eliot to a schematic structure, requiring her to overlook the multiple elements and infinite shadings that she recognized as constitutive of a human personality. Eliot is aware, in a way that is less evident in Auguste Comte for example, of the limitless subt leties and gradations of human character: Our vanities differ as our noses do: all conceit is not the same conceit, but varies in correspondence with the minuti of mental make in which one of us differs from another. (Middlemarch, 148). By contrast Comte believed that a new doctrine was capable of embracing the whole range of human relations in the spirit of reality. (General View, 5).Implicit in Comtes remark is one of the fundamental conclusions of his Positive Philosophy: that human nature and, beyond that, the interactions between individuals may be reduced to the scientifically determinable and definable. Much of Middlemarch seems suspicious of this view. Could it ever have been possible, if we imagine fiction as reality for a moment, to predict that a young doctor whose intent was to do good small work for Middlemarch, and great work for the world (147) would die early, his crowning achievement a treatise on gout? (818). Equally, would the application of universal laws have ma de it possible to determine that Fred Vincy would become a theoretic and practical farmer? (816). Presumably Comte would argue that given sufficient information, and with that information distilled into laws, it would. In agreement with Comte would be a large proportion of nineteenth century thinking on the philosophy of science, particularly if one believes that Mills deterministic notion that human volitions and actions [are] necessary and inevitable (System of Logic, 547) is axiomatic for those active in the field.Mill goes on to claim that: if we knew the person thoroughly, and knew all the inducements which are acting upon him, we could foretell his conduct with as much certainty as we can predict any physical event. (System of Logic, 547).1 Mills is an undeniably powerful argument and it may be that Eliot is philosophically persuaded, or even internally convinced by it, but Middlemarch seems to deny its practical application (although I would acknowledge that Eliots unwillingn ess to allow her characters much agency in any grand schemes might suggest otherwise). Eliots insistence on the major consequences of small events, random meetings and the fine, yet telling details of personality argue against the possibility on the grounds of complexity alone of exact prevision and prediction: If we had a keen vision and feeling of all ordinary human life, it would be like hearing the grass grow and the squirrels heart beat, and we should die of that roar which lies on the other side of silence. 2 (Middlemarch, 192). There is simply too much detail. Does this, then, make the whole Positivist project untenable? Is it fatal to it? Or will the project lead us on to a social condition the most conformable to human nature, in which our characteristic qualities will find their most perfect respective confirmation, their completest mutual harmony, and the freest expansion for each and all? (Essential Writings, 306). Comte believes that, in the fullness of time, the cul mination of the Positivist project is inevitable; Eliot In Middlemarch, I would suggest, believes differently.If the view is accepted that George Eliot could never write a Positivist novel and, further, that she remained suspicious of Positivisms certainty of an available scientific approach to human nature, the question becomes: to what extent is Middlemarch influenced by Positivism? As I have argued, I feel that there is strong resistance in Middlemarch to the project in its full panoply. There are, however, powerful Positivist themes in the novel and these are, perhaps, most readily approached by considering the characters who display something of the Positivist spirit. Plainly there is Lydgate but there is also Casaubon. There is an air of the Comtean about Casaubons project: it is conducted on quasi-scientific grounds (Casaubon is interested in Dorothea for her elements both solid and attractive [General View, 42] a phrase which could easily have emerged from the pages of a te xtbook on chemistry) it is rooted in the search for universal laws ( the Key to all Mythologies [Middlemarch, 486] ), its precepts involve the need to systematize and generalize (General View, 3), and Casaubon is fully consistent in the application of his established principles to his studies. Rapidly, however, Eliot reveals Casaubon to be floating among flexible conjectures (472). He lacks the single most vital attribute of the good Positivist: Unity in our moral nature is, then, impossible, except so far as affection preponderates over intellect and activity. (General View,16). Casaubon is without affection, he is all activity and intellect, there is no unity, he is one dimensional:If we have been accustomed to deplore the spectacle, among the artisan class, of a workman occupied during his whole life in nothing else but making knife handles or pinheads, we may find something quite as lamentable in the intellectual class, in the exclusive employment of a human brain in resolving some equations or in classifying insects. The moral effect is unhappily, analogous in the two case. It occasions a miserable indifference about the general course of human affairs, as long as there are equations to resolve and pins to manufacture. (Essential Writings, 274).Casaubon is unable, or unwilling, to move beyond purely theological speculations, through the sphere of the scientific, into the realm of the social in which the unity that the Comtean version of Positivism requires reaches its apotheosis. Casaubons vainglorious metaphysical conjectures recall Comtes condemnation of those who would seek knowledge without consideration of its potential benefit to humanity as constituted in society: Yet in this case, as in every other, there is intense egotism in exercising the mental powers irrespectively of all social objects. (General View, 18). Casaubons is a mind very able in some one respect and monstrously incapable in all others (Essential Writings, 274), and Eliot has Casau bon fail to recognize that the only position for which the intellect is permanently adapted is to be the servant of the social sympathies. (General View, 15). For Comte, if this position is abandoned, we are inevitably drawn towards the deplorable disorder (General View, 15) of something like the French Revolution. This, on a less grand scale, is what overtakes Casaubon. In spite of his overwhelming desire to classify and order, Casaubons life descends into a species of this deplorable disorder as the ability to control his wife and her affections slips away from him, and his lifes work upon which he had risked all his egoism (Middlemarch, 471) begins first to atrophy 3 and then to disintegrate under the burden of its own futility and the critical scrutiny of his peers. As James. F. Scott suggests, rather than the Positivist he at first might appear, Casaubon may be viewed as a metaphysician of the kind most completely reviled by Comte: Like all metaphysicians, as Comte saw them , Casaubon is a scientist manque, a thinker whose rational capacities have been suffocated by meaningless abstractions and discredited religious assumptions. Without the skill or honesty to subject his premises to scientific test, he can do little more than collect great bundles of worthless notes. (Scott, 69).Casaubon, then, whilst at first appearing to embody certain elements of Positivism is rapidly revealed to be trapped within an obsolete metaphysics. Lydgate, however, begins as the perfect Positivist.4 He possesses:the imagination that reveals subtle actions inaccessible by any sort of lens, but tracked in that outer darkness through long pathways of necessary sequence by the inward light which is the last refinement of Energy, capable of bathing even the ethereal atoms in its ideally illuminated space. He for his part had tossed away all cheap inventions where ignorance finds itself able and at ease: he was enamoured of that arduous invention which is the very eye of research , provisionally framing its object and correcting it to more and more exactness of relation; he wanted to pierce the obscurity of those minute processes which prepare human misery and joy, those invisible thoroughfares which are the first lurking-places of anguish, mania, and crime, that delicate poise and transition which determine the growth of happy or unhappy consciousness. (Middlemarch, 163).In his early appearances in Middlemarch Lydgate is very much Harrisons prototype of the ideal fictional Positivist: a local physiciana man of the new world with complete scientific and entirely moral ascendancy over both capitalist and labourer. (Letters, IV, 287). As the above passage from Middlemarch shows, Lydgate has the potential to become a leading hierophant of Comtes new Priesthood (General View, 384): his epistemology is essentially empirical, 5 he is committed to the absolute relativity of knowledge, is dependent for scientific truth on the invariable relations of succession and resemblance (Essential Writings, 72), and supposes that a sufficiently detailed scientific analysis of human behavior may lead to the resolution of social problems. Lydgate, in this incarnation, fits precisely Mills description of the Positivist: Whoever regards all events as parts of a constant order, each one being the invariable consequent of some antecedent condition, or combination of conditions, accepts fully the Positive mode of thought. (Comte, 15).Lydgate, in both his approach to medicine and its history, is in the vanguard of contemporary Positivist epistemology: But [Lydgate] did not simply aim at a more genuine kind of practice than was common. He was ambitious of a wider effect: he was fired with the possibility that he might work out the proof of an anatomical conception and make a link in the chain of discovery. (Middlemarch, 144). Lydgates chain of discovery is exactly that sequence of invariable relations of succession and resemblance (General View, 75) traced by Co mte in his description of the history and development of the sciences. Lydgates approach is redolent of the Positivist practice outlined by Mill:From this time any political thinker who fancies himself able to dispense with a connected view of the great facts of history, as a chain of causes and effects, must be regarded as below the level of the age; while the vulgar mode of using history, by looking in it for parallel cases, or as if in a single instance, or even many instances not compared and analyzed, could reveal a law, will be more than ever, and irrevocably, discredited. (Comte, 86).Eliot describes Lydgates attitude within a similar framework of interconnectedness and historical interdependence: The more [Lydgate] became interested in special questions of disease, such as the nature of fever or fevers, the more keenly he felt the need for that fundamental knowledge of structure which just at the beginning of the century had been illuminated by the brief and glorious career o f Bichat, who died when he was only one-and-thirty, but, like another Alexander, left a realm large enough for many heirs. (146).Not only is Lydgate devoted to a Positive scientific method, he is filled with affection and is fully aware of the need to follow a course offering the most direct alliance between intellectual conquest and the social good. (143). As Eliot makes abundantly clear Lydgate matches Comtes criteria in this area: he was an emotional creature, with a flesh-and-blood sense of fellowship which withstood all the abstractions of special study. He cared not only for cases but also for John and Elizabeth, especially Elizabeth. (143). Lydgates downfall, however, is the result of his failure to apply his Positivism to his life beyond his work: He went home and read far into the smallest hour, bringing a much more testing vision of details and relations into this pathological study than he had ever thought it necessary to apply to the complexities of love and marriage, t hese being subjects on which he felt himself amply informed by literature, and that traditional wisdom which is handed down in the genial conversation of men. (162). Lydgates relationship with Rosamond is conducted with a superficiality and a reliance on vague supposition that would have been unthinkable to him in his work, and recapitulates that of which he has been guilty in the past: As to women, he had once already been drawn headlong by impetuous folly. (149). His disastrous marriage could have been avoided with the application of Positivist principles, the novel implies. Equally Lydgates financial difficulties and his fateful entanglement with Bulstrode and Raffles might have been averted had the spots of commonness (148), 6 which disfigure his attitude to money and commerce, been eliminated by a consistent and interfused application of the Positivist spirit. Nowhere is this clearer than in the scenes in which Lydgate attends to the medical needs of Raffles in full accordance with Positivist methods, but thoroughly neglects to apply the same principals to his interaction with Bulstrode, thus precipitating the calamitous chain of events with which the novel reaches its crescendo.Lydgates downfall is, in certain respects, linked to his upper class background. As James Scott observes, Lydgate spends carelessly in predictable aristocratic fashion, he marries a status-conscious wife, and reacts to the lower orders of Middlemarch society with aloof baronial hauteur. Significantly, these are the personality traits that lead to his demise. His overbearing attitude shrinks his medical practice, his genteel wife encourages him to live beyond his means, and his mounting debts press him into fatal dependence upon Bulstrode. (Scott, 71-2). A thorough reading of Positivism might have been sufficient to have convinced Lydgate of the need to renounce his aristocratic background, but In warming himself at French social theories he had brought away no smell of scorching. (344). A disbelief in the capacity, or willingness, of the aristocracy to effect social change is a strong theme in Comte and is a notion with which Eliot appears to concur. As Comte remarked: [The upper classes] are all more or less under the influence of baseless metaphysical theories and of aristocratic self-seeking. They are absorbed in blind political agitation and in disputes for the possession of the useless remnants of the old theological and military system. Their action only tends to prolong the revolutionary state indefinitely, and can never result in true social renovation. (General View, 318). The majority of the upper classes and gentry in Middlemarch are involved to one extent or another in the kinds of activity Comte describes: disputes over succession to clerical livings, Mr. Brookes self-interested dabbling in the politics of the 1832 Reform Bill, 7 Mrs Cadwalladers failure to be consciously affected by the great affairs of the world (58), Sir James Chettams indi fference to the living conditions of his tenants until his interest is piqued by the possibility of impressing Dorothea (20-21); Casaubons cobwebbed metaphysics and Lydgates spots of commonness I have already mentioned. Little or no social change is instigated by the aristocracy of Middlemarch. As Eliot informs the reader: The country gentry of old time lived in a rarefied social air: dotted apart on their stations up the mountain they looked down with imperfect discrimination on the belts of thicker life below. (322).Eliot never abandons her craft to the extent that there is a clumsy personification of a Positivist; but certainly it may be argued that within Middlemarch there are all the elements required to create a fictional Comtean. An unholy union of the characters of Casaubon and Lydgate might, indeed, suffice: Casaubons application of his principles to all aspects of his life combined, perhaps, with Lydgates commitment to a Positivist approach in his work. It is intriguing, t herefore, in the light of the notion that Eliot could not accept Postivism in its systematizing totality, to conclude that neither Lydgate, Casaubon nor the Middlemarch aristocracy are Positivist enough. This would, it seems, expose a paradox or at least an ambivalence at the heart of Middlemarch; something further complicated by the notion that Eliots heroine, Dorothea, is herself a species of Positivist albeit an unconscious one. Clearly Dorothea possesses the fundamental Positivist attributes: a nature altogether ardent, theoretic, and intellectually consequentThe thing which seemed to her best, she wanted to justify by the completest knowledge. 8 (28). I would argue, therefore, that it is not Positivism itself that Eliot resists indeed Positivism is portrayed as a valuable, morally desirable philosophy upon which to base ones life but any absolute imprisonment of individuals within artificial philosophical systems; systems rendered necessarily crude by their inability to en compass all of the complexities of human nature. Such a conclusion not only reinforces the notion of Eliot as opposed to systems but, also, recalls her insistence upon the picture over the diagram. As Walter Pater subsequently observed: Such is the matter of imaginative or artistic literature this transcript, not of mere fact, but of fact in its infinite variety, as modified by human preference in all its infinitely varied forms. (106). Sentiments that could easily have come from Eliot herself, and are prefigured in her insistence on the necessary mediating function rooted in the imaginative propensities of the artist: How triumphant opinions originally spread how institutions arose what circumstances affecting individual lots are attendant upon the decay of long established systems, all these grand elements of history require the illumination of special imaginative treatment. (Pinney, 446).Further evidence of Eliots reluctance to embrace totalizing systems emerges in her resist ance to the alliance between the priests of science and the captains of industry (Scott, 70) a key element of the Comtean project. Comte argues that the new priesthood of scientists will require support from the bankers if it is not to wither away, bereft of an efficient administration. Such a relationship would lead habitually to close relations between the priesthood and the bankersso that the banking class [would] be the civic organ for inaugurating the more important connections of science with industry. (System, IV, 71). As T. R. Wright concludes, however, Eliot does not allow a Positivist alliance of capital and science to flourish in Middlemarch: The physician makes an alliance with the capitalist, but Bulstrode cannot escape from his theological bias and Middlemarch is totally unprepared for Lydgates new ideas. Public opinion has the power to hound the hypocritical banker from his position but it lacks the insight to accept scientific advance. Middlemarch is not ready for P ositivism. (268). For Eliot it is the convoluted nexus of human frailties that causes the alliance to fail Bulstrodes tangled past and Lydgates inability to be the wholly consistent Positivist priest are just two contributory elements. As Middlemarch implies: until all is known that can be known, systems fail, and all cannot be known at this stage of human development. For Eliot the briefest of human interactions have ramifications of sufficient potential to disrupt any system: But any one watching keenly the stealthy convergence of human lots, sees a slow preparation of effects from one life on another, which tells like a calculated irony on the indifference or the frozen stare with which we look at our unintroduced neighbour. Destiny stands by sarcastic with our dramatis personae folded in her hand. (Middlemarch, 93).For Eliot the complexity of human nature and behavior, or the interdependence of all human interests (Pinney, 409), tends to work in opposition to totalizing systems . Society, in Middlemarch, is an organic entity constructed from countless millions of human interactions and possesses a degree of complexity utterly resistant to imposed systems. Indeed it would be tempting to compare Eliots thinking, on these grounds, with that of a recent Pragmatist like Richard Rorty: Our language and our culture are as much a contingency, as much a result of thousands of small mutations finding niches (and millions of others finding no niches), as are the orchids and the anthropoids. (Rorty, 16). Such a comparison, however, must remain, if not erroneous, then partial. Eliots take, as opposed to Rortys, supposes a linear teleology in which the movement is from the fragmentary to the whole, from the incomplete to the complete and from relative chaos to relative order: Language must be left to grow in precision, completeness, and unity, as minds grow in clearness, comprehensiveness, and sympathy. (Byatt, 128). Eliots resistance to systems does not, as some might claim, constitute an anticipation of the Poststructuralist reverberation of infinite meaning, echoing endlessly in the epistemological void. The world may not yet be ready for the Positivist utopia envisaged by Comte but such an ideal has meaning, is potentially real, and remains in view as an identifiable aspiration. These notions of reality and meaning are inherent in Eliots synopsis of Dorotheas life: Certainly those determining acts of [Dorotheas] life were not ideally beautiful. They were the mixed result of young and noble impulse struggling amidst the conditions of an imperfect social state, in which great feelings will often take the aspect of error and great faith the aspect of illusion. (Middlemarch, 821). Contained, also, as implications within this passage are the concepts of right, wrong, truth and perfectibility concepts that the thrust of Poststructuralist thought tends to reject as destructive of multiplicity, as guilty of promoting the reassuring foundation and as instigating the end of play. (Derrida, 122). Eliot, though, remains a realist, she insists upon the struggle to find stable meaning and permanent truth: May I unceasingly aspire to unclothe all around me of its conventional, human, temporary dress, to look at it in its essence and in its relation to eternity. (Letters, I, 70).Interestingly, the metaphysical notions of essence and eternity are exactly of the character most execrated by Comtean Positivism, and this alone would probably be sufficient to disqualify George Eliot from the priesthood of Positivism. As I have tried to show, however, there is a significant degree of sympathy towards Positivism in Middlemarch, particularly in connection with Positivisms moral and social prescriptions. It is the deterministic and totalizing nature of Positivism to which Eliot is most antagonistic. Eliots suspicion of raw determinism of the kind that suggests exact prediction and prevision are possible seems founded in the notion that, even if all existing phenomena are the result of antecedent phenomena, no system yet devised, or to be devised in the future, is capable of embracing all the minutiae of human activity; the minutiae that are constituted in the unhistoric acts of hidden individuals: But the effect of [Dorotheas] being on those around her was incalculably diffusive: for the growing good of the world is partly dependent on unhistoric acts; and that things are not half so ill with you and me as they might have been, is half owing to the number who lived faithfully a hidden life, and rest in unvisited tombs. (Middlemarch, 822). If we see the world, as Eliot seems to, as an infinitely sensitive and complex organism, susceptible to the tiniest of influences, the Positivist project is simply not a sufficiently delicate instrument with which to expose all the universal laws that govern human behavior and interaction. As in fiction, so in the life of the artist: I at least have so much to do in unravelling certain hu man lots, and seeing how they were woven and interwoven, that all the light I can command must be concentrated on this particular web, and not dispersed over that tempting range of relevancies called the universe. (Middlemarch, 139).Notes1 Mills remarks are used here as emblematic of a particular trend in nineteenth century scientism but, plainly, he has doubts about the infallibility of the position himself:But as society proceeds in its development, its phaenomena are determined, more and more, not by the simple tendencies of universal human nature, but by the accumulated influence of past generations over the present. The human beings themselves, on the laws of whose nature the facts of history depend, are not abstract or universal but historical human beings, already shaped, and made what they are, by human society. This being the case, no powers of deduction could enable any one, starting from the mere conception of the Being Man, placed in a world such as the earth may have b een before the commencement of human agency, to predict and calculate the phaenomena of his development such as they have in fact proved. (Mill, 85).2 My interpretation of Eliots roar on the other side of silence is that the tumultuous cascade of complex information necessitated by the reception, and perception, of such detail would be of such a volume/volume that no individual could survive its onslaught, thus making any attempt to absorb and process knowledge on such a scale impossible.3 Eliots imagery of lifelessness at Lowick reinforces the notion of Casaubon and his ideas as fading anachronisms: sombre yews, small-windowed and melancholy looking, no bloom, autumnal decline (71) and colours subdued by time (72). Casaubons project is reduced to the lifeless embalmment of knowledge. (194). Like the metaphysical and theological stages of Comtes tripartite epistemological system, Casaubon is moribund.4 Indeed Eliot makes Lydgates knowledge of the origins of the Comtean project ex plicit: he had thought of joining the Saint Simonians when he was in Paris. (148).5 Lydgates analysis of Casaubons heart condition is a strong example of his empiricism: I believe you are suffering from what is called fatty degeneration of the heartA good deal of experiencea more lengthened observationis wanting on the subject.' (418).6 Scott argues, convincingly I feel, that Lydgates spots of commonness are the vestiges of his aristocratic upbringing. (71). As Eliot informs the reader: In the rest of practical life [Lydgate] walked by hereditary habit; half from that personal pride and unreflecting egoism which I have already called commonness, and half from that navet which belonged to preoccupation with favourite ideas. (345).7 Brooke may have been of uncertain opinion (8) but legislation with the potential to re-distribute power and influence (and, therefore, money), Eliot suggests, would cause him to become watchful, suspicious and greedy of clutch. (8).8 Comte might ha ve been detailing a framework for Eliots portrayal of Dorotheas morality when he wrote: By its various aptitudes positive morality will tend more and more to exhibit the happiness of the individual as depending on the complete expansion of benevolent acts and sympathetic emotions towards the whole of our race. (Essential Writings, 302).Works CitedBloom, Harold. Ed. Selected Writings of Walter Pater. New York: Columbia University Press, 1974.Byatt, A. S. and Nicholas Warren, eds. George Eliot: Selected Essays, Poems and Other Writings. London: Penguin, 1990.Comte, Auguste. General View of Positivism. London: Turner, 1865.Comte, Auguste. System of Positive Polity. 4 Vols. London: Longmans, 1875-77.Derrida, Jacques. Structure, Sign and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences. Modern Criticism and Theory: A Reader. Ed. David Lodge. London: Longman, 1988.Eliot, George. Middlemarch. Ed. David Carroll. Oxford: OUP, 1998.Haight, Gordon, ed. The George Eliot Letters. 8 vols. New Haven: Y ale University Press, 1954-55.Lenzer, Gertrude, ed. Auguste Comte and Positivism: The Essential Writings. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.Mill, John, Stuart. Auguste Comte and Positivism. Anne Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1961.Mill, John, Stuart. A System of Logic. 8th ed. London: Longmans, 1872.Pinney, Thomas, ed. Essays of George Eliot. New York: Columbia University Press, 1963.Rorty, Richard. Contingency, Irony and Solidarity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.Scott, James. F. George Eliot, Positivism, and the Social Vision of Middlemarch. Victorian Studies 16 (1972): 69-76.Wright, T. R. George Eliot and Positivism: A Reassessment. Modern Language Review 76.2 (1981): 257-72.

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What to Do With an Inquiry From a School, a Company, or a Professional Development Group

What to Do With an Inquiry From a School, a Company, or a Professional Development GroupWhen you get an inquiry from a school, an employer, or a professional development group, it's natural to feel overwhelmed by the task of turning the inquiry into an academic writing assignment. Sometimes, however, an inquiry can actually provide you with some great insight into the school or organization you're in, and that information can be used to write an engaging introduction to your professional service. Learn more about what a hiring manager wants to know about your employer and the organization and how to turn the inquiry into a professional writing assignment.A lot of people have to find the best job and the best organization for themselves. The Job Search process can be painful, and it can be time consuming and frustrating, and in many cases there are a lot of people who are in need of help. This article will give you a few ideas on how to turn a job search into an excellent academic wri ting assignment.One thing that you should always keep in mind when seeking out a job is the fact that your next step is often going to be a phone call from someone that the company has hired for this particular purpose. They are going to have to interview you, and they are going to want to know why you're interested in working there. It's natural to feel a little bit of nervous about an interview because you might not know what the interviewer is going to say, and you might be wondering what they are really trying to get from you. If you don't know what the person is trying to tell you then you might not be clear about your own needs and they might never even meet you.Try to think about different ways that you could phrase the question to help you ask the interviewer about what you should expect. By letting them know how you could use their experience in their organization to provide you with a unique perspective on the situation. Keep in mind that every person has a slightly differ ent level of insight, so find the one that works for you and make sure that it's clear that the question isn't about your abilities or weaknesses.You may think that because you're applying for a job in a particular position that this is the right place to put a question about how much you should expect to earn after you start. However, you can also ask about the expectation level of the company before you start work, and this can be a helpful starting point. In addition, you can also mention that you're very familiar with the building, and you would be willing to take on any project that the employer needs.You should note that your first contact with the organization will most likely be the most important meeting. The person will be interviewing you and providing information about your potential skills and what they see as your specific needs. Therefore, it's important to remember that you're in the interview room for a reason, and that there's something that you're going to have to get out of the way.Your skills in a specific area should be recognized through your specific description of your experience in the organization. Whether or not you have found yourself needing extra help, or you are just looking for someone to fill a specific position. You should make sure that your goal is always to give as complete a picture as possible about your skill set and to help to explain what kind of assistance you can provide to the employer.When you get an inquiry from a school, an employer, or a professional development group, it's natural to feel overwhelmed by the task of turning the inquiry into an academic writing assignment. Sometimes, however, an inquiry can actually provide you with some great insight into the school or organization you're in, and that information can be used to write an engaging introduction to your professional service. Learn more about what a hiring manager wants to know about your employer and the organization and how to turn the inquiry int o a professional writing assignment.

The Most Incredibly Disregarded Solution for Essay Topics Ideas

<h1> The Most Incredibly Disregarded Solution for Essay Topics Ideas</h1> <h2> Want to Know More About Essay Topics Ideas?</h2> <p>At precisely the same time, make certain each new point consistently brings about the ensuing one. You may likewise utilize your private experience or the encounters of people you know as a distinct prologue to the issue. An extraordinary subject might be something as simple as improving time the board to fix the issue of getting the chance to class in time every day or as mind boggling as discovering approaches to diminish the amount of rough wrongdoings. At the point when you glance around, you will watch social troubles that influence society every single day. </p> <p>The focal region of the article that is the body will clarify the issue in detail and give an exceptionally clear approach to tackle the issue moreover. To give you a thought of the manner in which the article should be kept in touch with you shou ld experience our difficult arrangement exposition model and discover how it's been composed. At the point when you have talked about the absolute first segment of the paper, which is actually the issue, proceed onward to its second part arrangement. </p> <p>The issue and arrangement article composing methodology can be made simple when you have an arrangement as a top priority. In the event that you don't have a thing to expound on with respect to your exposition it's an issue. Issue arrangement articles contend for a particular solution for an issue or exhibit a dire need to address the issue. The difficult arrangement paper is like some other you've composed it has various areas. </p> <h2> Essay Topics Ideas - Overview </h2> <p>It can be difficult to work out what's going to make an incredible subject for an expository examination article. Composing articles is quite often a difficult endeavor for understudies. Since you may see, the issue arrangement paper is extremely basic when you know its fundamental components. Anyway, a significant examination exposition isn't the least complex paper kind. </p> <p>Writing an amazing issue arrangement article is a fundamental aptitude, for your vocation as well as for your metro life moreover. Following that, you can be sure, your evaluation won't suffer.</p> <h2> Vital Pieces of Essay Topics Ideas</h2> <p>During the span of your scholastic vocation, regardless of whether at school or college, you'll most likely need to compose a minumum of one issue arrangement article. You can get the entire energizing school understanding without waiting be stressed over composing your article. The absolute first response from various understudies is certifiably not a positive one. Finally, don't commit a successive error loads of understudies make in the finishing up section. </p> <h2>The Upside to Essay Topics Ideas </h2> <p>To really rock the paper an author that could overcome every one of the 3 techniques in 1 paper has made a triple danger. The most significant thought of the paper's decision is to flexibly the review of the entire paper's substance and the ends, which you've made. On the off chance that you can do as such, you can be certain your paper will be among the best. Settle on the subtopic with the most complete research, which implies that your paper is very much examined. </p> <p>Your peruser should realize that your answer isn't only the best from some other arrangement. be that as it may, it is practical, plausible and so forth.. Distinguishing an issue and proposing at least one arrangements should be a significant segment in your exposition. Summing up the plot and simply posting the talk gadgets won't go anyplace. Explain to your perusers why your answer is the best alternative out of the remainder of the arrangements. </p> <p>If that is the situation, guarantee you settle on the most persuading, striking statements to help all of the broke down strategies. Coming up next are a couple of thoughts that may help with your difficult arrangement articles. We should discuss the basic issue and arrangement exposition thoughts. </p> <p>When you've gotten done with that, you'll have a decent arrangement of dissipated, disorderly notes. Something else, at that point the absolute first point to know is that you should begin by review a scope of themes before picking one that is appropriate. A large number of people wish to compose something extremely charming and amazing. You may likewise need to check at some of the recordings on YouTube where destitute people depict their lives. </p> <h2> The True Meaning of Essay Topics Ideas </h2> <p>As soon as you've picked a point, portray the issue in detail. At whatever point you have such huge numbers of themes to talk about, pic k what you're enthusiastic about and it will be super-simple that you build up an impressive contention for it. This theme may likewise be limited. Besides, you have to locate a subject, which is very questionable. </p> <p>Firstly, the writer should inspect a few potential issue arrangement article themes and pick a reasonable one. You need to give a complete record of this issue and produce the peruser comprehend why the issue ought to be explained. Moreover, when composing an article, it is in like manner required to consider picking a subject that has a reasonable or pragmatic arrangement. </p> <p>Lay out an arrangement which you will cling to while composing. Whenever you get the errand portrayal for your composing task, it's the very pinnacle of significant worth to have a deep understanding of the kind of exposition. In the event that you aren't keen on this issue, expounding on it will appear as though it takes always so discover something which you like. It is in like manner useful to choose a striking piece of composing which shouldn't be acquainted with the crowd. </p>

Things You Wont Like About Research Paper Topics 2018 and Things You Will

<h1>Things You Won't Like About Research Paper Topics 2018 and Things You Will </h1> <p>The need to make solid contentions in the paper probably won't be as simple as non-essayists would think. There's, be that as it may, just 1 way how you can make your paper rock to get you into school. On the off chance that you need to compose just a solitary paper at the finish of the period, you can inhale out since you are honored. Endeavoring to form an exploration paper on a subject that doesn't have a great deal of research on it's fantastically hard, so before you pick a theme, do somewhat starter looking and be sure you will have all the data you ought to create your paper. </p> <h2> The Pain of Research Paper Topics 2018 </h2> <p>From time to time, not too bad research paper themes are only the least demanding ones. It's feasible for you to make yours unique in the event that you get a paper achieved by a master on the web. Rush to fulfill our En glish research paper themes for secondary school so you'll complete your paper dependably. A paper is consistently more straightforward to compose in case you're keen on this issue, and you will be progressively inspired to do inside and out research and create a paper that really covers the full subject. </p> <p>In most of cases, all you need to start an incredible research paper is a charming exploration paper subject. Our life is about words. The numerous years they've spent composing school papers for understudies enable them with to flexibly astounding papers. To move toward the paper with at any rate tension, you ought to pick a subject that you're feeling great expounding on, and one which you're sure that you may get a handle on the suitable grant on. </p> <p>Therefore, it's consistently imperative to acquire a theme that intrigues you. When you get your subject, you need to respect the inquiry which is to be handled as respects your examination paper point. For certain understudies, a decision of subject is the simplest part. Not all exploration paper points are made equivalent, and you might want to be sure you pick a marvelous subject before you start composing. </p> <p>If your point is excessively expansive, you won't can center your paper since there is basically a lot of data to cover. At the point when you pick an exploration subject, make certain it is one which you comprehend and have a firm handle on. Choosing a sublime subject might be troublesome. Picking great educational paper themes is straightforward on the off chance that you see how to approach doing it. </p> <p>Knowing the legitimateness of the association you're buying the example paper is vital. In the occasion the underlying consideration gave isn't effective a medical caretaker must think about an alternate game plan. The aftereffects of a buys paper on the web can show the significance of depending on specialists for such assistance. In the event that you might want to rise the best in your group all the occasion, at that point purchasing on the web papers may be incredible goals for you. </p> <h2>What You Don't Know About Research Paper Topics 2 018 </h2> <p>In the occasion you discover a few subjects, most of the understudies can't transform them into noteworthy research points, and as such they end up with heaps of hurried work that bombs them later on. It is essential to verify that your examination has no literary theft and such blunders as they could be used to punish you. With the numerous interests that understudies have on their everyday calendars, it tends to be hard to get the chance to all the imperative research and composing. </p> <p>Formatting an examination paper is certifiably not a basic endeavor. The expressed research subjects might be utilized among others to deliver fascinating exploration papers. Without a reasonable substance, better research paper points aren't going than bode well. There are a few research paper themes and recommendations for your thought. </p> <h2> Getting the Best Research Paper Topics 2018</h2> <p>A extraordinary research paper involves point by point data regarding your matter of decision. Following your rich research, presently you can proceed onward to drafting a framework alongside all the territories and significant data you may have experience. Furnished that it's point by point with important data about the theme picked, at that point it's viewed as an extraordinary research paper. In case you're mistaken for a determination of fascinating points to investigate on the web, it's far superior to figure out what premiums you the most. </p>

Natural Beauty. Inherent Curiosity Remains As A Foundation

Natural Beauty Inherent curiosity remains as a foundation to human questioning of place among the cosmos. History itself is the factor of which the human populace must stand to learn from to return knowledge of the present environment. As such, history must be cross examined to its full potential to garner what is truth from falsehood. Upon such examinations, it remains clear that the evolutionary standpoint of the advancement of life on Earth presents itself as the ideal choice versus its opponents of creationism and intelligent design. Evolution retains such evidence through the particular studies of biological structures, the extensive history that is the fossil record, and the medium’s sheer presence of natural selection. Therefore,†¦show more content†¦These common traits promote the concept of the common ancestor; not the ideology of intelligent design. As compared organisms descend from the trivial origin species that are shared between them all, species retain similar traits according to their shared ancestor. This is further proven with that of embryology: the study of organic development within the womb. Upon comparing the starting weeks of a human, fish, and bird, not only is the visual a collection of strikingly similar models, but the structures of gills and tails can be easily seen on all subjects, despite two animals within the accumulation distinctly lacking such major features in birth. Thus, these traits were inherited by the common ancestor, securing it as the founding layout to present day species through its survival and mass reproduction according to the environment. As such, the present environment itself can be utilized as a history book. The fossil record, meticulously preserved throughout the upper layers of Earth’s crust, catalogs not only the geographic time zones to wondrous detail, but isolates specific specimens of life offering boundless sources of input on the aspects of evolution. One such prevailing records remains to be the development of the order Cetacea over the course of millions of years. Once a sheer mystery to how the modern day porpoise came to be, study of theShow MoreRelatedCharacter Analysis Of Adam And Eve In Paradise Lost1567 Words   |  7 PagesRaphael in Book VIII. Their recountings of their self discoveries reveal a distinction between the two’s desires and expectations. Milton illustrates Adam and Eve’s seperate accounts of their creations to elucidate the dualities of their impulses and natural tendencies, while divulging their greatest weaknesses. Eve’s first memories of her awakening reveal her desires and instinctual behavior through her initial rejection of Adam and her fixation on vanity, foreshadowing her yield to temptation. EveRead MoreCosmetics’ Green Marketing as the Best Marketing Approach in 20th Century4243 Words   |  17 PagesInternational Class BATCH 57 Magister Management Gadjah Mada University 2011 Abstract Environmental issues influence all human activities and even more influent the business, especially true in marketing. As society becomes more concerned with the natural environment, businesses have begun to modify their behavior in an attempt to address society s new concerns, which is the global warming. Some businesses have been quick to accept concepts like environmental management systems and waste minimizationRead MoreRole of education in personality development13618 Words   |  55 Pagesindividual; the conflicting personalities in the individual can be harmonised; one can become capable of putting forth the needed personality according to the circumstances or the demands of the work or situation, even while the other personalities would remain behind, contributing to the efficacy of the personality put in the front. One can even go beyond all personality and know the real person that assumes so many personalities. 6. One can make a distinction between the real Person and the instrumentsRead More A Theology of Fly Fishing Essay3186 Words   |  13 Pages Being a young boy in the 1960s and 70s, reading Thor Heyerdahl adventures and watching Jacques Cousteau, National Geographic, and astronauts orbiting the earth and walking on the moon on television, the spirit of adventure and the wonder of the natural world were the air I breathed. Moreover, my family was of a religious bent where my sisters and I were more likely to be told to be quiet and pay attention on a nature walk than in church. As opposed to the somehow self-evident holiness of the sanctuaryRead MoreHow Fa Has the Use of English Language Enriched or Disrupted Life and Culture in Mauritius15928 Words   |  64 Pagesstrength from the beef I eat?† (389-390). Whitman ponders deeply on why food is a necessity for man to function. As the poem breaks into the second stanza the narrator questions himself more, â€Å"What is a man an yhow? What am I? what are you?† (391). The curiosity derived from the narrator, overall, leads to the philosophical and most fundamental question of all, what is the meaning of life or why do we exist? The line also indicates certain doubtfulness; if we truly do exist in the world. The third stanzaRead MoreIbsen11859 Words   |  48 PagesIbsen’s female protagonists are in bondage to an object or person that manipulates the character’s mental and emotional senses. The character’s inner captivity reaches a climax where a decision must be made to abolish the chains of captivity or forever remain enslaved. Since the nineteenth century, the actor has greatly benefitted from Ibsen’s electrifying work that established the new acting style of Realism. The contemporary actor can apply the theme of captivity to performance by thoroughly readingRead MoreCelebrity Endorsement8369 Words   |  34 Pages Mercedes Benz would never hire a Govinda in India or Mic hael Jordan elsewhere, but these same men have simply worked wonders for respective brands like Navratan Oil and Nike. A clean, natural fit between the celebrities and the brand image enhances the latters value. Lux is a glowing example of being the beauty soap of film stars since the last fifty years! A well-managed celebrity endorsement has the ability to convey to the customers that the celebrity is benefiting from the brand, and theyRead MoreLiberty University Bibl 323 John Module 5 Notes Essay examples11938 Words   |  48 Pagesidentifies Himself as the Good Shepherd vs. 11, 14. Kalos – good – in classical Greek, this word was used to describe that which was beautiful, useful, auspicious, noble, wholesome, competent and morally good. Moral goodness. It points the shepherd’s inherent goodness. Four times Jesus speaks of laying down His life for His sheep vs. 11, 15, 17, 18. Three pictures of Jesus. Good shepherd – John 10:11 – death. Psalm 22 Great Shepherd – Heb. 13:20 – resurrection. Psalm 23 Chief Shepherd – 1 PeterRead MoreCelebrity Endorsements19810 Words   |  80 Pagesor potential ones. For this they rope in these celebrities and give them whopping amount of money. They believe that by doing this they can associate their products with their target customers. This is called celebrity endorsement. Aristotle said, â€Å"Beauty is a greater recommendation than any letter of introduction.† This could aptly summarize why innumerable products are endorsed by celebrities, with or without a significant need or benefit from the same. Similarly every product has an image. The consumerRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesinfluences in the development of critical theory Critical management studies: critical theory enters organization and management theory Critical theory develops new understanding of ‘the scientific approach’ ‘The sciences of the spirit’ The models of ‘natural science’ and the ‘s ciences of the spirit’ come together Critical theory has practical organizational implications The development of psychoanalysis as a challenging perspective in organization theory Psychoanalysis gives insight into organizations

College Research Paper Help is on the Way

<h1>College Research Paper Help is on the Way</h1><p>College look into paper help. On the off chance that you are the pleased parent of an understudy who is battling to assemble their first-semester paper and have not discovered a simple way out yet, at that point it might be a great opportunity to do some genuine considering what assist you with canning give. It tends to be intense on the off chance that you simply don't have the foggiest idea how to give help with regards to composing your own paper.</p><p></p><p>There are a wide range of alternatives accessible to you. Possibly you definitely know somebody or maybe you simply need somebody's assistance with a specific task. However, in any case, you have to think about these various assets. You have to have an away from of what is accessible to you so as to discover the assistance that you need.</p><p></p><p>Perhaps the best asset that you have accessible to you is an understudy's diary. I know this sounds interesting, however you don't have anything to lose from checking out it. There are understudies out there right now who are battling the same amount of as your own child or little girl seems to be. They are in a similar circumstance that your child or girl is in and they need your help.</p><p></p><p>This will likewise offer you the chance to get some scholarly help with composing your papers. An understudy's diary is the spot to go for direction with regards to finishing your schoolwork assignments. Glance through the pages and see what different understudies are doing so as to overcome their courses. You will be shocked at how you can profit by perusing the encounters of others.</p><p></p><p>Another spot to search for help would be the teacher's office. Most educators will be glad to see that you have set aside the effort to peruse their prospectuses and assignments. They need to see that yo u have invested a tad of your energy into doing your part too. It might even be an opportunity for them to give you some data on how you can help yourself.</p><p></p><p>A investigate paper won't occur incidentally. It might require some investment for you to begin feeling a portion of the advantages of your endeavors. The first occasion when that you consider searching for help is most likely the first occasion when that you will ever do as such. Research paper help is out there. You simply need to open your eyes and give it a shot.</p><p></p><p>Give yourself some an opportunity to consider what you are searching for in the assistance that you need. You have to consider how much your own educational cost will be for the following year. You have to consider how much a library card will cost you. Remember to factor in your reading material charges, travel costs, and whatever other costs that you may bring about when you complete your cou rsework.</p><p></p><p>Help is in transit. You simply need to get it before it leaves. Great luck.</p>

Why I Should Be Hired Job Application Essay Statement Sample

Why I Should Be Hired Job Application Essay Statement SampleA Why I Should Be Hired job application essay statement sample is a good starting point for you to write. The statement is the first thing a recruiter looks at when reviewing your resume, so it needs to look impressive on paper. Most recruiters won't be reading an essay, they'll be looking at a candidate's resume.What makes a Why I Should Be Hired resume sample exciting to a recruiter is the information you're putting in. Recruiters are used to reading resumes, but there's a big difference between reading a resume and reading the whole reason a candidate is applying for the job. You need to know all about what makes the reasons you're being interviewed special.You can find a wide variety of Why I Should Be Hired job application essay statement samples online. They range from normal letters of resume that you can use to craft a concise and compelling resume, to detailed essays that contain information you want to include on y our application.Some examples of Why I Should Be Hired job application essay sample include: Why I Should Be Hired for my particular position. What I did at a local service company when I was young. What motivated me to become a recruiter.Using the Why I Should Be Hired statement essay sample as a starting point will help you start writing your own. Of course, you'll have to decide what you want to say, but that's easier to answer.You can take a look at the positions you're interviewing for and get an idea of what previous experience you might have that will help them understand your personality and qualifications. You can take that information and rephrase it for each specific job description you are considering.Why I Should Be Hired is the single most important factor when choosing a job. Some people are more successful than others, but no matter what your personal skills are, they should come first when you choose a job. Any job requires experience to determine how well you work with others, not just a job in the recruiting field.A Why I Should Be Hired job application essay statement sample will give you ideas for writing a successful letter of resume. They can help you craft the letter so it communicates exactly what you mean, as well as what you need from a potential employer.

Using Comparisons and Contrasting Essay Topics to Impress Your College Professors

<h1>Using Comparisons and Contrasting Essay Topics to Impress Your College Professors</h1><p>In school or college, understudies may be presented to a few differentiating paper subjects. Such exposition points are significant for understudies since they set them up to make great research papers. Understudies ought to figure out how to take notes, why they should utilize logical proof, how to refer to sources and more.</p><p></p><p>College composing courses and undergrads will likewise find out about differentiating paper themes. Creation and research papers may expect you to make correlations among various sorts of circumstances. At the point when you thoroughly analyze exposition subjects, you can concentrate on focuses that are huge and essential. At the point when you make your exposition's structure work to further your potential benefit, you have a simpler time following bearings, gathering your musings and thoughts, and chipping away at a paper that will turn out better.</p><p></p><p>When figuring out how to look into article subjects, it is significant that you comprehend the sort of data you should think about. A few models are learning about individuals versus creatures, various societies, individuals maintaining various sources of income, and networks versus suburbia. On the off chance that you can see how these different cases will influence the style of your exploration paper, you can concentrate all the more viably on what's important.</p><p></p><p>There are a few manners by which you can investigate article points. You can utilize the case of one circumstance contrasted with another. This can assist you with making correlations among encounters and life circumstances. Likewise, you can utilize contextual analyses or models from your own life to show how a specific kind of circumstance will influence you.</p><p></p><p>Another manner by w hich you can thoroughly analyze paper points is by utilizing logical proof. Logical proof can assist you with seeing why you should utilize a specific source while examining a subject. By utilizing logical proof, you can increase a more profound comprehension of how a particular report or thing influences an individual or community.</p><p></p><p>Comparing and differentiating article subjects should be possible in a few different ways. You can make a composition out of a few models, in the event that you utilize some kind of guide to go with your contention. Furthermore, you can feature some particular contrasts in a story or a bit of art.</p><p></p><p>In school, looking into paper points is particularly significant. In the initial two years of school, understudies compose expositions about each subject under the sun. These incorporate governmental issues, morals, theory, religion, writing, and each other subject.</p><p>< /p><p>Of course, when you investigate exposition points, you must be certain that you will have enough data to make your paper great. It's insufficient to simply pull out a few choices. You should research and assemble enough realities to back up your arguments.</p>

Research Paper Topics That Deal With Nazis and Nazism

Research Paper Topics That Deal With Nazis and NazismHaving a research paper topic that deals with Nazis and Nazism can be a tricky thing to do because of the fact that many people have a tendency to defend the Nazi regime and to oppose any attempts to talk about it. But to really make a statement with your research paper topic, you need to be willing to talk about it, to analyse the role that it played in the world at the time and in how it affected individuals.This is the key reason why some researchers will choose a topic that deals with Nazism and Nazis to write their research papers on because this is the only topic they will be able to discuss without being challenged. Research paper topics that deal with Nazis and Nazism allow them to be able to address these issues in a clear and confident manner.Some of the other research paper topics that deal with Nazis and Nazism include the rise of Hitler's regime in Germany, the way that the leadership and the German people were moved b y him, and the role of the National Socialist party in Germany. These topics are also able to discuss in clear and open terms, what happened in the 1930s and how they related to modern Germany.Of course, not all research paper topics that deal with Nazis and Nazism will be able to talk about these topics in terms of politics. This is another reason why you need to research the subject matter very carefully before choosing the topic that you will choose for your research paper.The Internet has a wide range of topics to choose from when it comes to research paper topics that deal with Nazis and Nazism. These include such subjects as national socialism, antisemitism, and racist politics, all of which are used in a number of high quality academic papers that are read around the world.Most academic papers that deal with Nazismand National Socialism are generally written by people who have the opportunity to talk to other scholars who have made research on the subject. This means that you will be able to access a lot of different perspectives from people who know more about the subject than you do.In this way, you will be able to ensure that you will be writing in your own voice. You will be able to get rid of the political and cultural baggage that can often be brought into the research process with topics that deal with Nazis and Nazism.There are also many people who will do this for you, and you will be able to use one of these free options to make sure that you are really clear about what you want to say. The best part about choosing these topics is that you don't have to pay for it, and so you have more time to devote to other aspects of your research paper.

The New Fuss About Argument Essay about Newspaper Opinion Samples

The New Fuss About Argument Essay about Newspaper Opinion Samples Essay writing per se is no simple endeavor to do. This essay is an excellent case of a simple argumentative essay. You can also see personal essay. You can also see analytical essay. You could also see academic essay. Argument essays require that you take a position on debatable problems. The secret to writing an intriguing argument essay is to settle on a topic that's relevant, interests you and about which you want to find out more. When you develop this kind of essay, you should make your claims by your composition so it will be open fordebate. What's a persuasive essay. So you are assigned with a persuasive essay but you need no clue what it appears like. Typically, argumentative essays aren't similar to othertypes of essays. Every argumentative essay ought to be based on a topic that may be debated. Whether it's an argumentative or expository essay that you're writing, it is essential to develop a clear thesis statement and a very clear sound reasoning. It is very important to note an argumentative essay and an expository essay could be similar, but they vary greatly when it comes to the sum of pre-writing and research involved. An argumentative essay is a kind of thesis or composition in which you have to present your view and try to convince others your facts and arguments are correct. The thing you ought to do so as to structure an argumentative essay is to set a claim that's debatable. When it has to do with writing an argumentative essay, the most crucial issue to do is to select a topic and an argument which you can really get behind. Frequently the discussions become heated up as debates and wind up as arguments. Deci ding upon an argumentative topic isn't that easy. Argumentative essay topics are so important since they are debatableand it's important to at all times be critically considering the world around us. An excellent conclusion reaffirms the argument and produces a lasting impression on the reader by supplying a captivating overview of the primary points. Your argument should be persuasive and entertaining. A comprehensive argument As mentioned before, an argument doesn't have to be formal. Winning an argument isn't easy. Many people are inclined to compose weak arguments since they don't know how to compose a compelling argument. A superior persuasive argument will use the latest data and data from verified sources. Since you may see, there are lots of kinds of opinions, and several uses for them. Commonly, an opinion isn't conclusive, and reflects someone's perception. Also, the term opinion may be used casually as a style of pointing out that evidence has not substantiate d a particular point, but the man or woman want to express a viewpoint regardless. In casual usage, an opinion usually means a person's perception, desire, and belief. It's an opinion given by a lawyer to a customer. There's a term group opinion that's employed in political science and psychology.

The Crucible - Character Responsibilities Essay - 970 Words

The Crucible was a revolutionary play which clearly depicted the Salem Witch Trials and what went on in the lives of the individuals in Salem. Some of these people were convicted of being a witch, some were not, and some were somehow connected to those being convicted. Despite the fact that everyone played some part in the Witch Trials, there are three key people who are mostly responsible for the mayhem. Overall, the three people that was most responsible for these trials would be Abigail Williams, John Proctor, and Deputy-Governor Danforth. The play erupted near the beginning with many people getting ill and the accusations of people being witches beginning. Though many may not see this, I personally view Abigail Williams being the one†¦show more content†¦The young girls all go with her plans because she threatens them if they do not help her foolish ambitions. Mary Warren gets accused of being a witch because she did not agree with Abigail and what she was doing. Abigail works her way up through the people of the town, accusing those who are sure to be convicted first before moving up to her target Elizabeth. Cunning minds can easily deceive others, which is what she tries to do to John Proctor. â€Å"I know you, John- You are this moment singing secret Hallelujahs that your wife will hang† (Pg. 51)! She sends many people to their death but continues. The plan that she instituted failed when she ended up getting John Proctor himself convicted. Abigail Williams flees Salem after Proctor is sentenced. Despite Abigail’s huge role in the Salem Witch Trials, John Proctor is a person who is clearly not innocent. Proctor himself is a smart man who can sometimes just make stupid decisions. He could have easily charged Abigail with fraud at a part in the play, but decides not to. John had an affair with Abigail when Elizabeth was ill which started Abigail on a wild fantasy. She strategically eliminated people to work her way up to Elizabeth to get her out of the way. Proctor always feels guilty about sleeping with Abigail and he is one who will never forgive himself. He feels it is his fault that the Witch Trials are occurring and that God is angry with him for being unfaithful. Despite theShow MoreRelatedSalem Witch Trials and True Essence1123 Words   |  5 PagesCrucible Essay Throughout the novel The Crucible, Arthur Miller describes how being put thought the Salem witch trials of 1692 brought out the true essence of various characters. Arthur Miller shows that the various victims who were put through trials would confess to save themselves and also the difficulties they had to face during their trial period. Characters like John Proctor, Giles Corey, and Reverend Hale were put through different kinds of trials each different from the others. 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Primary Health Care Reform

Question: Discuss about thePrimary Health Care Reform. Answer: Introduction Primary health care (PHC) can be described as the first level or point of contact of the communities, individuals, and families with the health and medical care system. The PHC or primary health care in Australia incorporates the concept of personal care in association with the health promotion, community development, and prevention of illness. It also consists of various interconnecting principles of access, equity, empowerment, collaboration in the inter-sectors, and communitys self-determination (Regmi, 2012). The PHC in Australia encompasses the knowledge and understanding of the economic, social, political, and cultural determinants of health. According to the world Health Organization, PHC can be defined as an essential and necessary health care, which is based on the scientifical, practical, and socially acceptable technology and methods. These healthcare services are accessible to each and every individual, families, and community via their full participation, as well as, at an expense that the country and its community can afford for maintaining their development (Gauld, 2011). Hence, PHC is the first stage of contact with the national healthcare system and hence, aids in bringing the health care services to the people and community where they live and work, thereby, constituting the first parameter of a continuing process of health care. The main purpose of this report is to discuss the primary health care reform in Australia along with its objectives, benefits, and strategy for improving the healthcare services. Primary Health Care Reform in Australia Primary Healthcare and its Importance: The research has shown that both in Australia, as well as, in overseas a strong recognition is made that improving and strengthening the way of providing the primary health care is vital and crucial for determining the status of the healthcare system and for analyzing how well the current healthcare systems responds to the emerging and current pressures. Moreover, it has been observed that the health systems which are having strong and effective primary health care tends to be more efficient, with lower rates and incidents of hospitalisation, better outcomes of health of the individuals, fewer health-related inequalities, and lower rates of mortality in comparison to those systems that do not have primary health care (Jackson Hambleton, 2016). The strong and efficient primary health care system improves the outcomes related to the patients health, reduces the expenses and costs, increases the satisfaction of the patient, as well as, reduces the health inequities in the healthcare se tting. As primary health care is a fundamental and important aspect in maintaining the health status and efficiency of healthcare services, various reforms related to the primary health care have been established and followed by various countries and their healthcare systems (Millar Beardall, 2001). Primary Health Care Reforms in Australia: For better understanding and knowledge of the Australias current status and position of health care and what changes are needed, the understanding of the development of the primary health care sector, its function and roles, performance and interaction, and component parts is very important. In Australia, the primary health care is delivered via Commonwealth, territory and state government and private funding, as well as, privately and publicly delivered services. It has been observed that various programs and reforms have been developed for increasing the provision of healthcare services and for overcoming the barriers of the healthcare practice in Australia (Nicholson, Jackson, Marley, Wells, 2012). For instance, Medicare was established in October 1984 in Australia with the intent of providing a fair, affordable, and simple insurance system, which provided the coverage of basic health to all the Australians, and was built on the existing billing arrangements of the fee-for-servic e. Moreover, the Australian Government in the year 1973 formulated the Community Health Program. The main aim of the program was the development of a coordinated network of services and facilities for primary health care. It was designed to be locally managed centers of healthcare that operate on the healths social model and consists of multi-disciplinary teams for responding to various kinds health problems in the community. The main aspect of the program was the provision of the primary medical care. Further, the development of the National Primary Health Care Strategic Framework by the Australian government was for tackling the health-related challenges and issues of the 21st century. It underpins the view of comprehensive primary health care and extends beyond the focus of 'general practice' related to the traditional responsibility of the Australian Government (Oliver-Baxter, Brown, Dawda, 2016). National Healthcare Reform in Australia and its Main Objectives: The National Healthcare Reform agenda was achieved and established in August 2011 after long-term negotiations amongst the States and the Commonwealth. The main principles that underpin the National Healthcare Reform includes making of local decisions within overall systems management, funding based on activity for hospitals, as well as, reporting of public performance. The National Healthcare Reform describes the shared understanding and intention of the Commonwealth, as well as, the territory and state governments for working in collaboration to improve the outcomes of health for all the Australians along with ensuring the Australian health systems sustainability. Hence, the National Healthcare Reform agenda identifies and underpins the long-term goals and objectives of the State and Territory governments, and the Commonwealth (Davis Somers, 2011). The main objectives of this reform is prevention, which means that Australians are born healthy and should remain healthy, primary, as well as, community health, which indicates that each and every Australian should receive appropriate and necessary affordable and high-quality community and primary health services, hospital and its associated care, which means that every Australian should receive required and appropriate hospital care, and provision of aged care for ensuring that the older Australians gets high and affordable aged health care services. Moreover, the National Healthcare Reform also has the objective of improving patients experience, which means that each and every Australian should gain positive health care experiences and should have a sustainable system of healthcare services. Further, the objective of the reform is improving Indigenous Health and promoting their social inclusion (Stitt Aranha, 2012). Budgeting: According to the National Healthcare Reform, the Commonwealth, as well as, the States and Territories will be involved in joint funding of public hospitals, mental health services, public health activities, sub-acute care, health services related to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander, training of the health workforce, health research, blood and related products, and emergency responses. Moreover, besides joint funding, the States, and Territories will be involved in the funding of community health, food safety and its regulation, capital infrastructure, ambulance services, service planning, disability services, and environmental health. Further, the Commonwealth besides joint funding will also fund access to pharmaceuticals, access to the private medical and health care, access to health insurance, aged care services, education and training of health professionals, health services related to the eligible veterans, vaccines purchasing under the arrangements of national immuniza tion, as well as, community controlled health care services of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander. Moreover, in the year 2016?17, it is estimated that the Commonwealth will be involved in providing funding about $18.7 billion for supporting the State health services, involving $17.9 billion in the funding of the National Health Reform and about $811.5 millions in payments of National Partnership. As the funding of the National Health Reform is estimated around $17.9 billion in the year 2016-2017, there is an increase of about 6.2% or $1.0 billion from the year 2015?16, which excludes the adjustment for the outcomes in the year 2014?15 (Budget.gov.au, 2016). Strategic Implications of the National Health Reform: The National Healthcare Reform agenda was focused on the collaboration of the Commonwealth, as well as, state governments and territory governments for working together to facilitate the sustainability and improvement of the primary health care system. The main goal and objectives of the agenda were to ensure safe and effective services for the patients in the healthcare setting and improving the patients health outcomes (Sweet, 2011).The strategic implications of the reform is focused on building a patient-focused primary health care system, improvement of the healthcare services access and reduction of healthcare inequity, increasing the focus on prevention and promotion of the health of Australians, screening, as well as, early interventions, improvement of the quality, performance, safety, and accountability of the healthcare services. For achieving these outcomes, the strategies adopted by the reform is establishment of formal planning and protocols between local hospital networ ks and Medicare Locals, identification of the health requirements of the individuals in different groups, development of interventions and plans, development of the multidisciplinary teams, maximizing the opportunities of Electronic Health Records, and undertaking the evaluation and research for identifying the best utilization of the technologies and healthcare services for improving the primary health care (Veronesi, Harley, Dugdale, Short, 2014). Opportunities for Further Development: The joint funding of both the governments is a complex and fragmented responsibilities, hence, this is the area for further development in the National Healthcare Reform. Though the fragmented system of funding by the two governments have been reformed by National Healthcare Reform through various negotiations and cooperative arrangements or via unilateral action by both the Commonwealth or the states, further development is required (Donato Segal, 2010). Moreover, further development of the reform areas includes empowerment of the patients and responsibility, integrated funding, and its management, optimized pathways for providing care, health networks that are information-enabled, as well as, prevention and wellness of the population. For universal access to healthcare services to all the Australians, the above-mentioned areas need to be developed further for improvement of the primary health care (Williams, 2011). Conclusion A large number of significant initiatives are observed to be undertaken in Australia for improving the performance of healthcare system over the past decade. The incremental, however, the persistent approach has been adopted by the Australias federal government for improving the healthcare systems. Moreover, the development of various reforms and divisions have allowed the engagement of the Australians with the general practices and hence, has continued the healthcares patient-centered ethos (Stephenson, 2010). The National Healthcare Reform developed in the year 2011, which affirmed the improvement of the primary health care was a significant and important milestone achieved in the healthcare setting. The National Healthcare Reform agenda is crucial for future development of the healthcare system and for ensuring the equal access of healthcare services to all the Australians. Moreover, this agenda will help in overcoming the complexity and fragmentation of the accountability and fun ding by improving the arrangements and distribution of funding between the Commonwealth, as well as, the States and Territory for better provision of the integrated healthcare services to all the individuals (Nicholson, Jackson, Marley, Wells, 2012). Recommendations The effect of the primary health care in the healthcare setting not only depends upon the strategic implications but also on the ways by which these implications are achieved. For better and efficient outcomes the development of the therapeutic relationship between the patient and the healthcare practitioners is required. For better quality and performance of the healthcare services, the leadership, as well as, healthcare systems should focus on methods of achieving the best utilization of the people, knowledge, information, and the resources. Moreover, the focus should be increased on recognizing and tackling the social determinants of the health (Stephens Ledlow, 2010). For better-aged care services and its provision to the aged people, the expansion of the community, as well as, home-based assessment and care options should be implemented. For gaining sustainability of the healthcare systems, the tackling of waste, as well as, inefficiency in the healthcare system should be carri ed out systematically. No doubt, there has been tremendous progress in the health status, but still, the flaws related to the funding, as well as, governance still continues to emerge. New innovative approaches should be followed and implemented like Medicare Select for better utilization of the private sector. The political leadership, as well as, strong engagement with the community and healthcare sector is required for achieving sustainable and high-quality primary healthcare systems in Australia (Bennett, 2013) References Bennett, C. (2013). Are we there yet? A journey of health reform in Australia.The Medical Journal Of Australia,199(4), 251-255. Davis, C. Somers, S. (2011). National Health Care Reform and the Public's Health.The Journal Of Law, Medicine Ethics,39, 65-68. Donato, R. Segal, L. (2010). The economics of primary healthcare reform in Australia - towards single fundholding through development of primary care organisations.Australian And New Zealand Journal Of Public Health,34(6), 613-619. Gauld, R. (2011). The WHO and primary healthcare reform: mind the implementation gap.International Journal Of Clinical Practice,65(4), 386-390. Jackson, C. Hambleton, S. (2016). Value co-creation driving Australian primary care reform.Med J Aust,204(7), 45. Millar, J. Beardall, S. (2001). Will Primary Healthcare Reform Improve Health?.Healthcare Quarterly,5(1), 41-44. Nicholson, C., Jackson, C., Marley, J., Wells, R. (2012). The Australian Experiment: How Primary Health Care Organizations Supported the Evolution of a Primary Health Care System.The Journal Of The American Board Of Family Medicine,25(Suppl 1), S18-S26. Oliver-Baxter, J., Brown, L., Dawda, P. (2016). Should the healthcare compass in Australia point towards value-based primary healthcare?.Aust. Health Review. Payments for specific purposes - Health. (2016).Budget.gov.au. Retrieved 23 October 2016, from https://www.budget.gov.au/2016-17/content/bp3/html/bp3_03_part_2b.htm Regmi, K. (2012). Primary Healthcare: A Jigsaw In Reform of the Health Services.Primary Health Care: Open Access,02(02). Stephens, J. Ledlow, G. (2010). Real Healthcare Reform: Focus on Primary Care Access.Hospital Topics,88(4), 98-106. Stephenson, D. (2010). Palliative care nursing in Australia in a time of national health and hospital reform.Progress In Palliative Care,18(6), 330-334. Stitt, N. Aranha, S. (2012). Increasing Consent Rates in Australia; Implementation of the National Reform Agenda.Transplantation Journal,94(10S), 339. Sweet, M. (2011). Australia makes a start on primary healthcare reform, at last.BMJ,342(mar01 2), d1341-d1341. Veronesi, G., Harley, K., Dugdale, P., Short, S. (2014). Governance, transparency and alignment in the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) 2011 National Health Reform Agreement.Aust. Health Review,38(3), 288. Williams, J. (2011). The Continuing Quest for Primary Healthcare Reform: Measuring Performance.Healthcare Policy | Politiques De Sant,7(SP), 8-12.